<p><em>Time Frames</em> provides a reconnaissance on the conservation rules and current protection policies of more than 100 countries, with particular attention to the emerging nations and twentieth-century architecture. The contributions illustrate the critical issues related to architectural listings, with a brief history of national approaches, a linkography and a short bibliography. The book also provides a short critical lexicography, with 12 papers written by scholars and experts including topics on identities, heritages, conservation, memories and the economy. By examining the methods used to designate building as heritage sites across the continents, this book provides a comprehensive overview of current protection policies of twentieth-century architecture as well as the role of architectural history.</p> <p>Preface (<i>Ana Tostões), </i>Notes on Contributors Acknowledgments, Introduction, <b>Part I: Conservation Policies for Twentieth Century Architectural Heritage,</b> 1. The Shadow Line: Architecture between Time and History (<i>Massimo Visone)</i>, 2. Contemporary Architecture and the Idea of Protection (<i>Ugo Carughi), </i>3. <b>Africa</b>: Algeria (<i>Samira Debache Benzagouta, Yasser Nassim Benzagouta</i>), Angola (<i>Roberto Goycoolea, Paz Núñez</i>), Democratic Republic of the Congo (<i>Johan Lagae</i>), Egypt (<i>Ola Seif</i>), Eritrea (<i>Medhanie T. Mariam)</i>, Ethiopia (<i>Fasil Giorghis),</i> Ghana (<i>Elisa Dainese</i>), Kenya (<i>Jacob Barua</i>), Morocco (<i>Abderrahim Kassou</i>), Mozambique (<i>José Manuel Fernandes</i>), Nigeria<b> (</b><i>Lanre Shasore</i>, <i>John Godwin</i>), Senegal (<i>Joseph L. Underwood</i>), South Africa<strong> </strong><em>(Brendan Hart, Yasmin Mayat</em>, Tanzania<i> (Antoni S. Folkers, Berend van der Lans</i>), Tunisia (<i>Faten Rouissi, Insaf K. Zaghouani),</i> 4. <b>Americas</b>: Argentina<i> (Graciela María Viñuales),</i> Brazil<i> (Paulo Ormindo David de Azevedo</i>), Canada<i> (Michael McClelland</i>), Chile (<i>Pedro Bannen, Macarena Ibarra</i>; Colombia<i> Olimpia Niglio</i>), Costa Rica (<i>Andrés Fernández</i>), Cuba<i> (María Victoria Zardoya Loureda</i>), Ecuador<i> (Fernando Carrión Mena, Isabel Rohn</i>), Mexico<i> (Margarita Segarra Lagunes),</i> Peru<i> (Judith Soria, Rodrigo Córdova</i>), United States of America<i> (Carol D. Shull</i>; Uruguay<i> (Alejandro Veneziano</i>), Venezuela (<i>Giuseppe Rago),</i> 5. <b>Asia</b>: Bahrain<i> (Britta Rudolff, Eva Battis</i>) Bangladesh<i> (Qazi Azizul Mowla</i>), China<i> (Lorenzo Miccoli),</i> Hong Kong<i> (Lynne DiStefano, Ho Yin Lee</i>), India<i> (Nalini Thakur</i>), Indonesia<i> (Gunawan Tjahjono</i>), Iran<i> (Hassan Osanloo</i>), Israel<i> (Nir Mualam, Rachelle Alterman</i>), Japan<i> (Ewa Kawamura</i>), Jordan<i> (Leen A. Fakhoury</i>), Kazakhstan<i> (Gulnara Abdrassilova, Yerkebulat Tokmagambetov</i>), Lebanon<i> (Jean-Pierre El Asmar</i>), Macau<i> (Manfredo Manfredini</i>), Malaysia<i> (Yahaya Ahmad, Hasniyati Hamzah),</i> Oman<i> (Naima Benkari),</i> Pakistan<i> (Zainul Abedin, Mariam Sher Mohammed</i>), Philippines<i> (Romolo Valentino Nati, Naidyl Isis Bautista</i>), Qatar<i> (Timothy Makower</i>), Singapore<i> (Kelvin Ang</i>), South Korea<i> (Fabio Dacarro</i>), Thailand<i> (Koompong Noobanjong</i>), United Arab Emirates<i> (Paolo Caratelli</i>), Vietnam<i> (Nguyen Minh Hoa),</i> 6. <b>Australasia</b>: Australia<i> (Noni Boyd</i>), New Zealand (<i>Julia Gatley),</i> 7. <b>Europe</b>: Albania<i> (Frida Pashako</i>), Andorra<i> (Angelina Paulicelli</i>), Armenia<i> (Maurizio Boriani</i>), Austria<i> (Francesca Capano</i>), Azerbaijan<i> (Rufat Nuriyev</i>), Belarus<i> (Armen S. Sardarov</i>), Belgium<i> (Thomas Coomans</i>), Bosnia and Herzegovina<i> (Amra Hadžimuhamedović, Adi Ćorović</i>), Bulgaria<i> (Emilia Kaleva</i>; Croatia<i> Vedran Ivanković</i>), Cyprus<i> (Maria Philokyprou</i>), Czech Republic<i> (Josef Štulc</i>; Denmark<i> Claudia Aveta</i>), Estonia<i> (Oliver Orro</i>), Finland<i> (Anna-Maija Ylimaula</i>), France<i> (Emilie d’Orgeix</i>) Georgia<i> (Vladimer (Lado) Vardosanidze</i>), Germany<i> (Hans-Rudolf Meier</i>; Greece<i> (Andreas Giacumacatos</i>), Hungary<i> (Péter Klaniczay</i>), Iceland<i> (Pétur H. Ármannsson, Nikulás Úlfar Másson</i>), Ireland<i> (Willie Cumming</i>), Italy<i> (Ugo Carughi</i>), Kosovo<i> (Ljubiša Folić</i>), Latvia<i> (Uģis Bratuškins</i>), Liechtenstein<i> (Riccardo de Martino</i>), Lithuania<i> (Jurate Jureviciene</i>), Luxembourg<i> (Alex Langini</i>), Macedonia<i> (Valentino Dimitrovki</i>), Malta<i> (Joseph Magro Conti</i>), Moldova<i> (Sili Anatolie</i>), Montenegro<i> (Slavica Stamatovic, Rifat Alihodzic</i>), Netherlands<i> (Ciro Birra</i>), Norway<i> (Nils Marstein</i>), Poland<i> (Grzegorz Grajewski, Jadwiga Urbanik</i>), Portugal<i> (Inês Meira Araújo</i>), Romania<i> (Anda-Lucia Spânu</i>), Russia<i> (Anna Bronovitskaya</i>), San Marino<i> (Leo Marino Morganti</i>), Serbia<i> (Мirјаnа Rоtеr-Blаgојеvić, Маrkо Nikоlić</i>), Slovakia<i> (Viera Dvořáková</i>), Slovenia<i> (Jelka Pirkovič</i>), Spain<i> (María Pilar García Cuetos</i>), Sweden<i> (Claes Caldenby</i>), Switzerland<i> (Giulia Marino</i>), Turkey<i> (Nilüfer Baturayoğlu Yöney, Yıldız Salman, Ebru Omay Polat</i>), Ukraine<i> (Fedir Gontsa</i>), United Kingdom: England<i> (Elain Harwood</i>), Northern Ireland<i> (Méabh McStravick</i>), Scotland<i> (Dawn McDowell</i>), Wales<i> (Judith Alfrey</i>), Vatican City State (<i>Anna Maria Voltan),</i> <b>Part II: Short Critical Lexicography: Identity</b> 8. West African Modernism and Change (<i>Ola Uduku), </i>9. Evolution in the Arabic Region<b> (</b><i>Ashraf M. Salama), </i>10. Humanism. An Italian Tale (<i>Franco Purini),</i> 11. Post-tradition in Japanese Culture (<i>Mizuko Ugo), </i><b>Heritage</b> 12. Industrial Architecture (<i>Roberto Parisi), </i>13.<i> </i>Landscape Architecture (<i>Michael Jakob), </i>14.<i> </i>Middle-Class Housing (<i>Filippo De Pieri), </i><b>Memory</b> 15. Cultural Institutions (<i>Teresita Scalco), </i>16.<i> </i>Architectural Photography (<i>Valeria Carullo), </i><b>Conservation </b>17. Laws (<i>Roberta Grignolo), </i>18.<i> </i>Technology (<i>Rosalia Vittorini), </i><b>Economy</b> 19. Economic Analysis (<i>Amedeo Di Maio), </i>Index</p>