This book explores the institutional choicesavailable to Timor-Leste to manage their naturalresource wealth wisely and avoid the resource curse.Timor-Leste is a poor country and its challenge is touse its large per capita resource wealth to alleviatepoverty and enable sustainable development.Timor-Leste's Petroleum Fund Law and other mechanismsto manage petroleum revenue are examined. Thesemechanisms appear to be resilient but remainuntested. Based on field interviews in Timor-Lestethe study offers insights into the opinions of EastTimorese and foreign advisers about how Timor-Leste'spetroleum revenue should be managed and how a poorcountry can raise the living standards of its people.