Transforming the Republic of Letters

<p>Early modern Europe's most extensive commonwealth -- the Republic of Letters -- could not be found on any map. This republic had patriotic citizens but no army; it had its own language but no frontiers. From its birth during the Renaissance the Republic of Letters long remained a small and close-knit elite community linked by international networks of correspondence sharing an erudite neo-Latin culture. In the late seventeenth century however it confronted fundamental challenges that influenced its transition to the more public inclusive and vernacular discourse of the Enlightenment. Transforming the Republic of Letters is a cultural and intellectual history that chronicles this transition to "modernity" from the perspective of the internationally renowned scholar Pierre-Daniel Huet (1630-1721). Under Shelford's direction Huet guides us into the intensely social intellectual world of salons scientific academies and literary academies while his articulate critiques illumine a combative world of Cartesians versus anti-Cartesians ancients versus moderns Jesuits versus Jansenists and salonnieres versus humanist scholars. Transforming the Republic of Letters raises questions of critical importance in Huet's era and our own about defining sharing and controlling access to knowledge. April G. Shelford is Assistant Professor in the History Department at American University Washington D.C.</p>