Translating as a Purposeful Activity

<p>This bestselling text is a comprehensive overview of functionalist approaches to translation in English. Christiane Nord, one of the leading figures in translation studies, explains the complexities of theories and terms in simple language with numerous examples. Covering how the theories developed, illustrations of the main ideas, and specific applications to translator training, literary translation, interpreting and ethics, <i>Translating as a Purposeful Activity </i>concludes with a concise review of both criticisms and perspectives for the future. Now with a Foreword by <strong>Georges Bastin</strong> and a new chapter covering the recent developments and elaborations of the theory, this is an essential text for students of translation studies and for translator training.</p> <p><em>Foreword to the new English edition</em></p><p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p><strong>1. Historical Overview</strong></p><p>Early Views</p><p>Katharina Reiss and the Functional Category of Translation Criticism</p><p>Hans J. Vermeer: <em>Skopostheorie</em> and Beyond</p><p>Justa Holz-Mänttäri and the Theory of Translational Action</p><p>Fuctionalist Methodology in Translator Training</p><p><strong>2. Translating and the Theory of Action</strong></p><p>Translating as a Form of Translational Interaction</p><p>Translating as Intentional Interaction</p><p>Translating as Interpersonal Interaction</p><p>Translating as a Communicative Action</p><p>Translating as Intercultural Action</p><p>Translating as a Text-Processing Action</p><p><strong>3. Basic Concepts of <em>Skopostheorie</em></strong></p><p><em>Skopos</em>, Aim, Purpose, Intention, Function and Translation Brief</p><p>Intratextual and Intertextual Coherence</p><p>The Concept of Culture and Culture-Specificity</p><p>Adequacy and Equivalence</p><p>The Role of Text Classifications</p><p><strong>4. Functionalism in Translator Training</strong></p><p>A Translation-Oriented Model of Communicative Functions in Texts</p><p>A Functional Typology of Translations</p><p>Norms and Conventions in Functional Translation</p><p>Source-text Analysis, Translation Briefs and Identifying Translation Problems</p><p>A Functional Hierarchy of Translation Problems</p><p>Translation Units Revisited</p><p>Translation Errors and Translation Evaluation</p><p><strong>5. Functionalism in Literary Translation</strong></p><p>Actional Aspects of Literary Communication</p><p>Literary Communication across Culture Barriers</p><p><em>Skopos </em>and Assignment in Literary Translation</p><p>Some examples</p><p><strong>6. Functionalism Approaches to Interpreting</strong></p><p>The Role of Interpreting in <em>Spokostheorie</em></p><p>Translator Training: From Interpreting to Translation</p><p>A Functionalist Approach to Simulteanous Interpreting</p><p><strong>7. Criticisms</strong></p><p>Criticism 1: Not All Actions Have an Intention</p><p>Criticism 2: Not All Translations Have a Purpose</p><p>Criticism 3: Functional Approaches Transgress the Limits of Translation Proper</p><p>Criticism 4: <em>S</em><em>kopostheorie</em> Is Not an Original Theory</p><p>Criticism 5: Functionalism Is Not Based on Empirical Findings</p><p>Criticism 6: Functionalism Produces Mercenary Experts</p><p>Criticism 7: Functionalism Does Not Respect the Original</p><p>Criticism 8: Functionalism Is a Theory of Adaptation</p><p>Criticism 9: Functionalism Does Not Work in Literary Translation</p><p>Criticism 10: Functionalism Is Marked by Cultural Relativism</p><p><strong>8. Function plus Loyalty</strong></p><p><strong>9. Future Perspectives at the end of the 1990s</strong></p><p>Functionalism in the Profession</p><p>Functionalism in Academia</p><p>Functionalism in the English-speaking World</p><p>Functional Translation and Democracy</p><p><strong>10. <em>Skopos</em> Theory and Functionalism in the New Millenium</strong></p><p>The Academic World</p><p>The Wranslator’s Workplace</p><p>Functionalism in Legal Translation</p><p>Functionalism in Literary and Religious Texts</p><p>Adaptation and Transfer Studies</p><p><strong>Glossary</strong></p><p><strong>Bibliographical References</strong></p>