Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensors

The need for precise reliable measurements is growing with ecological awareness. Sensors combined with electrochemical techniques offer a complementary high-performance analytical asset providing good selectivity and high sensitivity. These innovative analytical tools are based in particular on the development of sensitive modified electrodes for the analysis of trace heavy metals. In this book three different easy-to-implement and inexpensive approaches are examined. The first involves modifying the surface of the platinum electrode with an amino acid and studying the response of the amperometric sensor to mercury. The second approach involves modifying the carbon paste electrode with a conductive polymer. The electrochemical sensor developed enables high-performance analysis of lead ions. Finally the third approach involves modifying the screen-printed carbon electrodes with a polymer-protected mercury acetate salt. These sensors ready for use in the field enable simultaneous analysis of all metals that form an amalgam with mercury.