Ultra Sound Equipment and its applications

Mechanical waves are longitudinal compression waves. “Ultrsaound” refers to frequencies greater than 20KHz. the limit of human hearing. For Medical imaging typically 100 times higher frequency than audible by human typically  2 to 20MHz. Ultrasound is used in all fields of Medical applications such as to diagnose to therapy and in operation theatre. Various transducers are available for each applications and each transducers figures are given. Transducer is made up of Piezo crystals and it has two dimensional actions such as by giving oscillator electrical input we get mechanical out put in the same way we get electrical out by giving mechanical input. So it is used as transmitter and receiver. Construction of transducer and electronics circuit are given to understand the working of transducer.  Ultrasound equipment is dissected and given figures of each part.  Doppler for echo and color Doppler are mentioned for various use such as for cardio for transcranial cerebral blood flow velocity etc. Maintenance repair and trouble shooting are given for Bio-Medical Technicians to carry out easily.  Switched mode power supply is discussed with circuit diagrams.