UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB AND THE FRACTURE OF AUTHORITY Power Politics and the Fracture of the Early Muslim Community

<p>After the death of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ the Muslim community entered one of the most defining and difficult moments in its history. Decisions made under fear urgency and political pressure shaped the Caliphate - and left a fracture that Muslims have remembered differently ever since.</p><p>This book explores how leadership authority and legitimacy developed from Saqifah to Karbala - not to inflame division but to understand how power was constructed challenged and justified.</p><p>Drawing from classical Sunni and Shia sources this work examines:</p><p>• Saqifah and the birth of political precedent</p><p>• The Pen and Paper incident</p><p>• Usama's delayed army</p><p>• Abu Bakr's appointment of Umar</p><p>• Umar's Shura and the engineering of succession</p><p>• The rise of dynastic rule</p><p>• Karbala and the moral crisis of power</p><p>Rather than choosing sides this book invites reflection:</p><p>What happens when survival and justice come into conflict - and what lessons remain for today?</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>How leadership after the Prophet reshaped faith politics and power.</p>