Using and Not Using the Past after the Carolingian Empire offers a new take on European history from c.900 to c.1050 examining the ‘post-Carolingian’ period in its own right and presenting it as a time of creative experimentation with new forms of authority and legitimacy.In the late eighth century the Frankish king Charlemagne put together a new empire. Less than a century later that empire had collapsed. The story of Europe following the end of the Carolingian empire has often been presented a