Vidyut Samgra Takaneekee evam Vaanijyik Haaniyaan / विद्युत समग्र तकनीकी एवं वाणिज्यिक हानियां: AT&C Losses

<p>Aggregate Technical and Commercial Losses (AT&C Losses)</p><p>The losses occurring in the electricity distribution system (33 kV line 33/11 kV power substation 11 kV line distribution transformer/11/0.4 kV DTR LT line service line and up to meter) are called technical losses. These are proportional to the square of the current. These are called copper losses. Apart from copper losses in the transformer there are losses in the core which are called iron losses these are caused by eddy current and hysteresis losses. These losses are technical losses. These losses are due to voltage drop load-current (long line high load thin conductor wire) impedance power factor transformer non-use of energy-efficient equipment etc.</p><p>Technical loss = Input unit &ndash; Sold unit.</p><p>Commercial Loss - These losses are caused by metering billing collection (MBC) from the meter. Wrong meter reading meter switched off/defective burning meter bypass meter coefficient wrong bill generation with wrong tariff bill not distributed on time bill not distributed no facility to collect bill from consumer or not paying bill connection not disconnected/cut on time etc. are the main ones.</p><p>Commercial Loss = Revenue Bill Demand &ndash; Revenue Collection.</p><p>AT&C Losses = (1 &ndash; BE x CE) x 100%.</p><p>BE &ndash; Billing Efficiency = Units Sold/Input Units Purchased.</p><p>CE &ndash; Collection Efficiency = Revenue Collected/Revenue Demand.</p>