<p>This Special Issue of Nutrients focuses on advances that extend our knowledge of the biochemical functions and health roles played by both the micronutrient vitamin K and its target Gla proteins.&nbsp; The scope of potential topics is wide and may include studies in population and patient groups animal models and at the cellular level.&nbsp; Examples include the presentation diagnosis incidence causes and prevention of deficiency syndromes of which the most obvious is bleeding in infancy but also extends to other putative roles of vitamin K such as in bone and cardiovascular health.&nbsp; In trying to define extrahepatic functions of vitamin K it is important to obtain evidence of pathophysiological signatures that may derive from chronic suboptimal vitamin K intakes or as a consequence of vitamin K antagonists.&nbsp; An important related question is whether the pathophysiology can be ameliorated or prevented by judicious vitamin K supplementation.&nbsp; Equally important to our understanding of the human physiology of vitamin K are studies that define the relative functional importance of individual vitamers and how differences in their availability and metabolism affect their biological activity.&nbsp; Recent highlights in metabolism include the delineation of the importance of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in maintaining vitamin K status and the intriguing hypothesis that its paralog VKOR-like 1 enzyme (VKORL1) may serve an antioxidant function.&nbsp; Another highlight illustrating the importance of metabolism to vitamin K function is the discovery that the enzyme UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 (UBIAD1) participates in the cellular conversion of phylloquinone to MK-4 with menadione as a metabolic intermediate.&nbsp; We invite authors to submit reviews or original research on any of the above topics.</p>
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