Voltage Sag Assessment and Mitigation Strategies of Power System

Voltage disturbances such as sags swells and harmonic distortions remain a critical challenge in modern distribution systems particularly with the growing integration of renewable energy sources and nonlinear loads. This study proposes an adaptive Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) optimized using a hybrid metaheuristic framework combining the Self-Adaptive Osprey Optimization Algorithm (S-OOA) and Hybrid Golden Jackal-Hippopotamus Algorithm (HGJHA). The proposed DVR-BESS model demonstrates rapid response and enhanced stability under diverse operating conditions. Simulation results confirm effective mitigation of severe voltage sags restoring load voltage to nearly 1.0 p.u. within 0.04 s while swells were regulated to IEEE 1159 standards. Harmonic suppression was also significant with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) reduced to below 5% ensuring compliance with IEC 61000 requirements. Comparative benchmarking against Pelican Coati Crayfish and conventional Osprey-based controllers further highlighted superior recovery times reduced overshoot and improved power quality indices.