Washback effects of an ESL examination

The book first gives a snapshot of the country of Botswana and then gives theoretical insights into language planning and policy in Sub-Sahara Africa in general and in Botswana in particular. It then discusses the impact of curriculum reform on teaching world-wide in Africa and in Botswana. The concept of wasback is then discussed and an overview of research on washback is made starting with the world in general and then narrowing the discussion down to Southern Africa and Botswana. A case study on the impact of curriculum and assessment reform on the teaching of speaking in an ESL context in Botswana is then discussed and conclusions recommendations and implications of the study for practice policy and further research are suggested.