Women across Cultures

Psychology''s study of women has revealed some themes that span cultures and countries yet women''s lived experiences in different cultures can be dramatically different. This Element explores from a psychological perspective women''s issues in cultural contexts. Beginning with the question of public and private identity (i.e. who ''counts'' as a woman) it goes on to examine embodiment sexuality reproduction family roles economic participation and power violence leadership and feminist activism. It concludes with a brief discussion of women''s complicated relationship to culture: as both keepers and sometimes prisoners of cultural traditions - particularly in the context of migration to different cultures. Running through the Element are two general themes: the pervasiveness of a gender hierarchy that often privileges men over women and the ways in which women''s lived experience varies within cultures according to the intersection of gender with other categories that affect expectations norms power and privilege.