Women and the Political Process

Political parties are among the most important institutions affecting women’s political participation. In most countries parties determine which candidates are nominated and elected and which issues achieve national prominence. The role of women in political parties is therefore a key determinant of their prospects for political empowerment particularly at the national level. Because political parties are so influential in shaping women’s political prospects Governments and international organizations seeking to advance the participation of women in elections justifiably tend to focus on the role of political parties. Political participation extends beyond parties however. Women can also become involved in certain aspects of the electoral process through independent action — particularly at the local level—and by joining civil society organizations. Some women in post-conflict countries have gained political experience by participating in non-elected transitional assemblies. Women’s networks trade unions non-governmental organizations and the media can all provide avenues for women’s political participation. In many countries the rights of women are enshrined in law and there are no formal legal barriers to women’s political participation in election processes. In practice however there are often formidable obstacles to women’s active participation in politics. The hurdles to be overcome can be particularly daunting for women considering running for office and may be overwhelming for women in post-conflict countries. Politics has traditionally been a male domain that many women have found unwelcoming or even hostile. Societies in which traditional or patriarchal values remain strong may frown on women entering politics. In addition to dealing with unfavourable cultural predilections women are often more likely than men to face practical barriers to entering politics including a paucity of financial resources lower levels of education less access to information greater family responsibilities and a deprivation of rights that has left them with fewer opportunities to acquire political experience. This book gives an critical account of women’s participation in politics and politicalisation of women issues. Women’s Liberation Movement has concentrated on the women’s oppression which include the sexual division of labour control of sexuality and the relation of reproduction access to education jobs and power over our lives.