2013 Reprint of 1957 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Joseph Penso de la Vega, best known as Joseph de la Vega (ca.1650-1692), was a successful Jewish merchant, poet, and philanthropist residing in 17th century Amsterdam. He became famous for his masterpiece "Confusion of Confusions" the oldest book ever written on the stock exchange business. Although not a descriptive account of the process of stock trading, Penso presented the