This is Volume III of six in a series on the Philosophy of Science. Originally published in 1924, this book presents a historical and critical essay on Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science. 1 Introduction 2 Copernicus and Kepler 3 Galileo 4 Descartes 5 Seventh-Century English Philosophy 6 Gilbert and Boyle 7 The Metaphysics of Newton 8 Conclusion